Use the classical model when your audience is neutral or uninformed. This model is used in our judicial system (where the jury acts as the disinterested party that needs convincing) and is also called the adversarial or WIN-LOSE model. Follow these steps:

I. Introduction

Discuss the issue, what's at stake and any context required for your readers to understand the argument

II. Proposal

Articulate clearly your position on the issue

III. Proof

This is the bulk of the classical argument: it may provide as much as 80 or 90 percent of the entire argument and is the section upon which the argument depends for success.

IV. Refutation

This is a stage of counter-arguing; whatever opponents might say about your argument, counter them in this step.

V. Conclusion

In classical models, this can also act as a summation or an exhortation (or rallying cry) for the audience to get everyone on board with the proposal