Chapter 15 Learning Objectives:
After studying this material you should be able to:
1. Explain how the segregation and independent assortment of genes is due to the segregation and independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis.
2. Draw the major phases of meiosis and label where independent assortment and segregation take place.
3. Discuss the importance of Morgan’s fruit fly experiment and how he traced a specific gene to a specific chromosome.
4. Compare and contrast wild type and mutant phenotypes.
5. Differentiate between the notation used for simple Mendelian genetics problems and the notation introduced by Morgan.
6. Compare and contrast the following pairs of terms: autosomes & sex chromosomes, autosomal linkage & sex linkage, complete linkage & incomplete linkage.
7. Explain how the linkage between genes affects the inheritance of 2 different characteristics.
8. Discuss how the distance between genes affects if they will be linked or not (inherited together or not) and why mapping a chromosome is useful to predict this.
9. Compare and contrast the two hypotheses for Morgan’s linkage experiment and how the results support only one of those hypotheses.
10. Define sex-linked inheritance in humans and work out several types of sex-linked inheritance genetics problems.
11. Define nondisjuntion, draw the two possibilities where nondisjunction could occur during meiosis, and discuss how resultant aneuploid cells can be either trisomic or monosomic for a particular chromosome after fertilization occurs.
12. Differentiate between Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Hemophilia, Fragile X Syndrome, Down Syndrome, Turner Syndrome, and Kleinfelter Syndrome and what causes each.