Chapter 17 Learning Objectives:
After studying this material you should be able to:
1. Compare and contrast transcription and translation in terms of which language each process uses (and which monomers are involved).
2. List 4 reasons why DNA and RNA are different.
3. Compare and contrast mRNA and DNA as well as mRNA before and after it leaves the nucleus.
4. List and describe the three stages of transcription and where this process occurs.
5. Describe the two-step process that mRNA undergoes before it leaves the nucleus in eukaryotes.
6. Discuss why the genetic code is said to be “degenerate” or “redundant.”
7. List and describe the three stages of translation and where this process occurs.
8. List the codons that start and stop the process of translation.
9. Describe the central dogma of molecular biology and what is the ultimate goal of this process.
10. Discuss the structure and function of tRNA and why it is different from mRNA.
11. Differentiate between a codon and an anticodon.
12. Explain Beadle & Tatum’s “one gene – one enzyme (polypeptide)” hypothesis as support for the link between genotype and phenotype.
13. Compare and contrast point and frameshift mutations, what causes each, and what the potential results are for each type of mutation.