Chapter 3 Learning Objectives:
After studying this material you should be able to:
1. Describe the structure of a water molecule and the type of bond present within the molecule as well as the type of bond it forms with other nearby water molecules.
2. Explain the polar nature of water and how/where water molecules form hydrogen bonds.
3. List and describe the six important characteristics of water.
4. Distinguish between cohesion and surface tension.
5. Explain how water’s high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, and expansion upon freezing affect both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
6. Explain how the high heat of vaporization of water contributes to cooling off the human body.
7. Distinguish between a solvent, solute, and solution and give an example of each.
8. Define molarity and calculate the molarity of a given solute.
9. Distinguish between hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances.
10. Describe the importance of the dissociation and reformation of water molecules.
11. Define pH and explain the importance of the pH scale.
12. Distinguish between acids and bases and how each affects the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
13. Give an example of the affect a change in pH has on the environment.
14. Define what a buffer is and explain how buffers work.