Chapter 12 Learning Goals

After studying this chapter, you should be able to:

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Explain, compare and contrast, and evaluate the following perspectives on cognitive development during the school years: Piaget, information processing, and Vygotsky.
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Discuss the personal, social and educational benefits and challenges of bilingualism in America.
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Identify the major trends affecting schooling in North America and worldwide.
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Explain racial, gender, and cultural differences in attributions of success and failure, and discuss how these subjective interpretations, by self and others, contribute to school outcomes.
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Discuss how teachers transmit their expectations to students and how these expectations affect student performance and teacher behavior.
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Define intelligence, discuss historical milestones in the area of intelligence testing, and identify the major tests used to measure intelligence.
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Discuss the controversies associated with the measurement and interpretation of intelligence test scores and review the research on the effect of IQ.
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Define mental retardation, identify the four major categories, and discuss the capabilities and limitations associated with each level.
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Define “gifted and talented” and discuss the primary approaches to educating children who fall outside the normal range of intelligence.

 

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