Theories of Personality

Chapter 6 Learning Goals

After studying this chapter, you should be able to:

  • Discuss historical and current controversy surrounding the genetic analysis of personality.

  • Discuss why behavioral genetics research is controversial, with reference to issues surrounding ideology conflicts and fears about eugenics. 

  • Define and discuss the concept of heritability, with reference to phenotypic variance, genotypic variance, and environmentality.

  • Identify and discuss three key misconceptions about heritability.

  • Identify and discuss the four key research deigns used by behavioral geneticists, including a discussion of the advantages, disadvantages, and assumption of each design.

  • Identify and discuss the major findings from behavioral genetics research, including findings in the areas of personality, sexual orientation, attitudes and preferences, drinking, and smoking.

  • Discuss and differentiate shared environmental influences from nonshared environmental influences.

  • Discuss the impact of shared versus nonshared environmental influences on personality.

  • Define and provide examples of genotype-environment interactions. 

  • Define and provide examples for each of the three types of genotype-environment correlation, including passive, reactive, and active correlations.

  • Discuss the emerging field of molecular behavior genetics, including its goals, methods, and recent findings.

  •  Discuss why science, politics, and values sometimes seem to be in conflict with respect to behavioral genetic findings.