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NATS 1003
Syllabus
Topic Outlines

Topics

9.1  How do rocks respond to forces? 

• Term: deformation

• Story: What happens when you put a force on a rock? What happens when you increase the force?

• Relationship: As you go deeper in the Earth, does rock tend to break more or bend more?

• Explanation: Is wetter rock weaker or stronger than drier rock? Does wetter rock easier or harder to deform than drier rock?

9.2  Folded rocks  

• Terms: compression; tension; extension; shear; syncline; anticline;

• Explanation: What force causes rocks to fold?

9.3  Broken rocks  

• Terms: fault; normal fault; reverse fault; thrust fault; strike-slip fault; joint

• Analytical: If I give you one of the following items, you should be able to give me the other three--name of the fault, drawing/picture of the fault, name of the forces causing the fault, drawing of the forces causing the fault

Resources for students

Entire course

• in-depth notes from Prof. Nelson

Links for further interest

9.2  Folded rocks

• Nice video of fold in Arizona   1 min
• Another video   1 min
• Synclines
  --Maryland roadcut (description and drawings)
  --Bolivia  (photo)
  --related to oil fields in Kansas (in-depth)
  --Geologic map of Baraboo ranges showing syncline (click on 'geologic cross-section of the ranges')
• Anticlines
  --Excellent site with nice photos from Wyoming (10th-18th photos show anticlines)--this site has many great geo photos, including domes and 40-ft wide anthills.
  --Smoke Hole region of West Virginia (description and drawings)
  --Cartoon about anticline and syncline for the geology crowd

9.3  Broken rocks

• Faults
  --video of basalt exposed by fault   1 min
  --Death Valley faults from USGS
  --Fault splitting a cinder cone in Death Valley
  --Faults of southern California--clickable, learn about different types of faults
  --a nice, interactive online exercise about the Northridge earthquake and related faults from Exploring Earth
• Normal faults
  --photos from U of Pittsburgh
  --photos and description from Bear Island, Norway (in-depth)
• Reverse faults
  --Photo from Bonanza King Canyon
• Strike-slip faults
  --photo from Ovda Regio
• Folding and faulting
  --West Virginia--notice the folding and faulting in the center image
  --The Baraboo Ranges and Devil's Lake Gorge of Wisconsin [a very nice site that ties together glaciation, metamorphism, and geologic structures. A great example of how different aspects of geology are tied together.]