Another name for a woodland
area is a temperate deciduous forest, (abbreviated TDF).
The structure and growth
forms of Minnesota Woodland can include:
CANOPY: A tree stratum, 60
-100 feet high, dominated regionally by various combinations of the following
trees; Oak, Maple, Beech, Chestnut, Hickory, Elm, Basswood or linden, Walnut,
and Sweet gum.
SUBCANOPY: A small tree or
sapling layer, with not only younger specimens of the tall trees with species
limited to this layer such as (in Virginia) Allegheny serviceberry or shadbush,
sourwood, dogwood, and redbud.
SHRUB: A shrub layer often
with members of the heath family such as rhododendron, azaleas, mountain laurel,
and huckleberries.
HERB: An herb layer of
perennial forbs that bloom primarily in early spring.
LITTER LAYER: A ground
layer of lichens, clubmosses, and true mosses. Lichens and mosses also grow on
the trunks of trees. Includes the leaf litter on the woodland floor.
Common
woodland species
Reference:
“Temperate Broadleaf Deciduous Forest” Created by SLW
http://www.runet.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes/tbdf/tbdf.html;
October 13, 1996
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Last Updated -July 28, 2016
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